Tag: Guides

After visiting 42 countries, I’ve learned a thing or two about what makes a place special and how to experience it meaningfully. These practical guides share the kind of specific, tested advice I wish I’d had when I was starting out—from navigating Indian railways to finding the best breakfast spots in small New Zealand towns.

  • The Journey Begins in Kuala Lumpur

    There’s nothing quite like the experience of your first morning out. Back on the road, away from home once again. On this occasion, mine was spent watching a dusky pink sunrise give a mauve glow to Kuala Lumpur through the lens of a steamy window.

    The last time I passed through the Malaysian capital was almost 2 years prior and I was headed in the opposite direction, homeward bound and capping off my first 6 month exploration into the wonders of Southeast Asia. The months leading up to this adventure were somewhat tumultuous, containing the bitterly painful and unpleasant experience of losing my father to cancer and helping my brother to pack up, sell and generally take care of his leftover belongings. Arriving into a new country felt like a fresh start in many way. Albeit an emotional, challenging one.

    The familiar smell of humid air and damp, earthy palm forests greeted us as we boarded an express train into the heart of the city.

    I have frequently come to hear those who are merely passing through, complain that KL lacks heart or a reasonable selection of things to do. This is simply untrue. Kuala Lumpur requires a little more effort than some of the more popular Asian cities, but the rewards to be had are well worth the efforts.

    We arrived into our high-rise hotel in the midst of a typical hot and humid Malaysian afternoon. After a series of trains and busses, we meandered through the hawker stalls, floated through the aroma of sweet fruits and sidestepped cat-calls of ‘masssssaassssee??’. Wedged in between the bustling Jalan Alor night market and the trendy Bukit Bintang restaurant district, perfectly positioned for an initial exploration through the heart of Kuala Lumpur.

    Southeast Asia had been my father’s stomping ground, of sorts. His favourite place to get lost, experience something different and report home with incredulous tales for me and my brother. A place he so desperately wanted us to discover for ourselves one day. Throughout my last Asian journey my phone would regularly beep with new suggestions and places to visit.  Before his death, this is where he was planning to return. Here, now. To take a train trip up to Penang.

    So when he died, it made sense to come in his place. This time, my brother would be joining me for his own first-time adventure into Asia.

    Before his arrival, we had a few free days which were mostly spent meandering the streets demolishing myriads of street foods. Crispy tenderloins on a bed of rice steamed in broth, freshly crushed watermelon juice and handfuls of chicken skewers, roasted over a charcoal-fired hot plate awaited us at every turn. My foodie heaven was, for the moment, right in front of me every day.

    Favourable timezone changes had me awake before dawn, and off on foot bright and early to find the Kuala Lumpur Bird Park. It came highly recommended, yet I was as skeptical now as I am with any fauna-focused parks in Asia. Visions of starving, neglected creatures always tend to  bob about in my imagination.

    We passed by the glorious National Mosque and the fairytale-style central train station, passing by Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin and over the murky Klang River, complete with scavenging birds and endless swaths of drifting garbage. My suspicions were put to rest as we arrived at the spectacular bird park. As the world’s Largest Free-flight Walk-in Aviary, it featured 20.9 acres of lush jungles, clean lakes and happy birds of every kind – storks, flamingos and pelicans waded around and magnificent peacocks gorged on wedges of papaya.

    It took the entire morning to explore the expanse of grounds, and each area was yet another pleasing surprise. You can now understand now, perhaps, why the educational sector of this fabulous bird park took me by such surprise. It’s as if one moment you are taking a pleasant stroll through the lands of Paradiso, suddenly to be confronted by Virgil himself. As you descend into what could be mistaken for Inferno, hoards of taxidermied creatures gaze at you from their perches. In this Dante-worthy wonderland the creatures are forever trapped in a land time forgot, as their feathers, skins and beaks fall off – piece by piece, leaving just the impoverished remains.

    Otherwise, the bird park was a spectacular success.

    One of the beauties of Malaysia – and in fact Asia in general – is the price of a good meal. Generally speaking, it costs more to gather the ingredients required, provided you are eating locally. I delight in this fact, and enjoy the experience of seeking out only the most local of local dishes. Naturally, many of our meals out included one of my favourite Malay dishes, the banana leaf.

    Hailing from the large number of South Indians who migrated from Tamil, the Banana leaf (often called a ‘set meal’) is, in my opinion, the pinnacle of delicious Indian-Malay cuisine. One of the requirements in choosing the perfect banana leaf restaurant is the settings, it needs to be spartan. Generally a long, shared bench or a series of colourful plastic tables, bursting at the seams with locals.

    Toward the back you’ll find a modest wash basin for rinsing off curry laden fingers at the end, as anyone familiar with Indian food  will tell you it’s designed to be eaten with the hands. So, as one simply does while in Malaysia, I occupied much of my time with a fist full of fragrant rice and a selection of vegetable curries served up unassumingly and without fanfare, on the leaf of a shiny green Banana palm.

    Another of the other popular misconceptions of Kuala Lumpur is the urban jungle myth. That much like other capital cities, it is a large chunk of concrete and relentless corporate skyscrapers. Anybody who tells you this has clearly never discovered the forest eco park in Bukit Nanas.

    Not only is this expanse of lush green one of Malaysia’s oldest permanent forest reserves, but it lies quite surprisingly directly in the center of Kuala Lumpur complete with metro station right outside the entrance. One you step inside, the city hustle melts away behind you and you slide into a tranquil stretch of tropical rainforest, complete with native birds and Langur monkeys.

    The hillside leads up to the base of the infamous KL tower on its peak, and features swinging canopy walking bridges, campsites and delightful picnic spots. The best hidden destination for KL locals looking to escape the inner city for an hour (or a weekend), I’ve been surprised to learn just how few people even know of this secret city rainforest.

    For the first few days, Malaysia was an adventure, an exploration and a respite all at once. A reminder of how exhilarating a life spent on the road can feel, a remembrance that life is not only precious and all too short, but it is a product of how to choose to experience it. The heady vibrancy of Asia is a beautiful wake up call to travel, and in the following days my brother would be joining as we take to the tracks to explore Southeast Asia by rail, in memory.

  • 25 Days of Bulgaria Part 1

    The bus lurched into Sofia amidst a storm that might rival armageddon. The first taste of Bulgaria, and hopefully not an omen of things to come.

    After weaving in and out of the scorching heat of a Greek spring, we headed north through tiny villages. Worn stone cottages with trellises draped in vines dotted across the scenery. I was regaling my travelling companion with unusual and often hilarious Wikipedia facts about Bulgaria, a country we’d only very recently decide to venture into, and knew almost exactly nothing about. As we grew closer the skies grew darker, an ominous welcome to our destination.

    Arriving into Sofia, Bulgaria

    Daggers of lightning hit the ground and thunder rattled the buildings. We splashed through puddles from our bus to where we thought our hostel might be. It was hard to know for sure as Bulgaria uses the Cyrillic alphabet. Not that it would’ve made much difference, none of the buildings had street numbers anyhow. I had already come to regret abandoning my raincoat back in Northern Greece.

    “Bulgaria, I reflected as I walked back to the hotel, isn’t a country; it’s a near-death experience” – Bill Bryson, neither here nor there

    Sofia is a city of enormous history, dating back nearly 7000 years. It has been a part of many empires ranging from the Roman to the Ottoman. It was once destroyed by the Huns, and lay in ruins before being resurrected once again. The city has architecture and culture from all the many who’ve brushed up against it. The history is so rich here that you can find Stalinist Gothic public buildings next to 14th-century ruins. Remains dating to 6000- 5500 BC, sidle with Neo-Gothic architecture, Baroque Revival architecture, and even Russian churches. Sofia is home to St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, one of the largest Eastern Orthodox cathedrals in the world. Even the language is significant, with the early Cyrillic alphabet developed right here in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 9th century.

    Aside from learning that we were living in an undesirable part of town, filled with abandoned buildings and 24-hour liquor stores, the first week spent in Sofia was a pleasant daydream. Days involved devouring fresh berries, exploring the open-air book market, and catching up on sleep. Walking away from three months of refugee camp work had left me weary, needing a space to reconcile everything that had happened. This was the perfect retreat.

    Blossoms, Book Markets & Springtime Delights

    In the right light, Sofia is gorgeous. Sun-drenched boulevards looking out to Mount Vitosha, and antique markets peddling old war medals and violins in front of grand basilicas. I was enamoured by the spring tulips and strawberry vendors. Pleased with the cheap markets laden with fish, meats, cheeses, and produce, and the few local people I met along the way were kind, friendly, and helpful.

    Yet, Sofia itself never quite captivated me in the way I had hoped it might. The tourist information centre doubled as a small library, where the membership fee was to donate at least three books, had charmed me. As had Bulgaria’s penchant for an extraordinary number of fountains. But too many signs of a difficult past and a certain hostility of the local people left this capital city falling flat when mixed with my current state of mind.

    My friend left Sofia after a week to pursue adventures in Thailand. Going with her was tempting, but I was pulled more to lay low in rural Eastern Europe and get back on top of my writing. I daydreamed of grassy hills, yoga and fresh cherries off the trees. A quiet spot to complete my book over the coming weeks. Dissolving into northern Bulgaria for a few months, coming up refreshed, revived. Emerging from my retreat speaking Bulgarian with that attractive Eastern European accent. So, I opted to stay on, try my hand at learning the language, and explore further this country that piqued my curiosities.

    Vitosha Boulevard in Sofia, Bulgaria

    Heading North: Veliko Tarnovo

    The scenic highlight of my time was Veliko Tarnovo, a contender for the most beautiful city in Bulgaria. Red-roofed houses teeter down the banks of a sloping river like picturesque tiles. Students from the local fine arts school loll about in the sunshine, producing oil impressions whilst everybody strolls around in an upbeat mood. Veliko Tarnovo could pass for one of those post-card perfect Italian towns you always see on ‘20 of the most beautiful places in Europe’ lists. Laden with picture perfect cobbled streets, stunning rivers, and local eateries to pass the day with shopska salad under the shade of overhanging grapevines.

    Bulgarians culture mandates doing the opposite of whatever I have recently become accustomed to. Where Greeks use the term ‘nae’ to mean yes, now it means no. Most cultures I have become used to nod their heads up and down to agree, Bulgarians shake from left to right. I had lost track and continued to muddle my way oblivious to what anybody meant.

    The Quiet Life in Rural Bulgaria

    I settled into a daily routine with an English couple 45 minutes out of town. My days consisted of pulling weeds in the sun and painting the insides of a house during the rain. I’d wake up early and jog to the top of a nearby hill, taking in the sunrise and filling my lungs with fresh air. I was far away from sight nor sound of any other human being. In the evenings and weekends, I would chip away at my own manuscript, reliving the past three months of heartbreak in refugee camps.

    This lifestyle suited me well for a limited time, and in some moments I imagined my return to Bulgaria. Daydreaming of buying a cheap farmhouse to renovate and live out my days here. But, I grew frustrated. Living in a remote village with a British couple left me no real exposure to Bulgarian people, culture, language or food. It soon became time, after two weeks, for me to move on and begin a search for the real Bulgaria.

  • The Donation Warehouse and my First Day Volunteering

    Today I held the tiniest little jumper I have ever seen. That’s when it hit me: this mountain (and I mean serious mountain) of donated clothes piled up in a hilltop warehouse was all destined to be worn by real people. Wet, cold, exhausted and often sick people. People who risk their lives to seek asylum. Even tiny little people, like the baby who will someday soon be tucked into this exact jumper.

    A jumper that will be pulled out of a night-shift car and wrapped around to keep her warm on her way from the cold, wet beach over to one of the island’s refugee camps. Perhaps held by her parents, perhaps separated from her family on the way, or perhaps even orphaned.

    A box of donated goods in a donation warehouse

    A day spent in the donation warehouse

    The warehouses here bulge full of donated goods. The state of most is so abundant that Lesvos tends to be in much greater need of people to sort and organise the donations than of the donated goods themselves. There are, of course, things still greatly needed. Shoes are in high demand, as are tracksuit trousers that are easy to get on to a cold and wet arriving refugee. As it turns out, other types of trousers aren’t easy to slip onto a cold and drenched person – practical considerations that aren’t often thought of when people are gathering clothes and donations to send over.

    Spending a day in a warehouse sorting donations is a great way to get a feel for the enormity of it all. I organised an endless supply warm and practical clothes – many designer labels, some brand new, into boxes.

    I felt anger well up at how many people see refugees coming and judge them on their fashionable clothes, assuming they are abusing the system What possible hardship could they be suffering? If they are, then Why don’t they buy cheaper clothes and spend their money on their suffering families? Questions I have heard before, in one form or another, and never fail to stir me into anger at the ignorance of much of the world.

    donated teddybears in a warehouse

    A world full of fake life jackets

    I spent part of today cutting open life jackets as part of a project to salvage the parts. The beaches of the island are littered with them, as so many more people arrive by boat with each coming day.

    Some very resourceful and creative people are using the stuffing as insulation for camp tents, the straps to hold structural frames together and the fabric is being sewn into bags.

    They were all fakes.

    Life jackets stuffed with packing foam that actually absorbs water – made and sold cheaply to refugees who’ve often never seen water in their lives, let alone learnt to swim.

    The contrast was apparent between the ingenuity of the project with the wretchedness of knowing how intentionally people were providing these unseaworthy jackets.

    The landscape of Lesvos, A night on the beach

    Driving down the main coastal road from Mytilini you get an incredible view of the mountainous Turkish coastline where the refugees are departing from. It’s so close. Only 10km away, yet it takes up to 10 hours for refugees to cross due to bad weather, dodgy engines, not enough fuel or overcrowded boats capsizing midway. The people who do finally make it across are wet, frightened and often separated from their families.

    abandoned lifejackets on a lesvos beach

    In the early hours of tomorrow morning, 4am to be precise, I will go out to the beach to meet arriving boats for the first time as part of a medics team. I am expecting something quite extraordinarily different from my current warehouse work – a long night, with my shift finishing at 10 in the morning.

    I have been told to expect to get wet & end up somewhat in the ocean, to expect large numbers of hypothermic cases and completely overwhelmed and exhausted people arriving. I am also expecting a large number of boats to arrive tonight due to previous nights bad weather. I am feeling both excited to help and nervous about how much help I will be.

    I’m certainly pleased to get out on the front line, back under pressure where I am in my element, although nervous around the unexpected. I’m sure once the first night is through and I am into the swing of things the nerves will disappear.

  • Arriving into Mytilene, Lesvos

    After a long, sleepless, overnight ferry, I have arrived into the port of Mytilene, windswept and dark-eyed but with unyielding enthusiasm.

    I will be based for at least the next few days. I will spend my first few days on the ground working at a warehouse and assisting to sort donations before heading out to volunteer with other organisations, in different capacities. It is a bit of a rite of passage and general requirement that all volunteers arriving on the island spend at least their first two days like this before branching out and moving on to where they plan to work.

    First impressions of Mytilene

    This evening was spent wandering around the harbourfront of Mytilene, taking in the delicious sunset over the water, spotting rainbows and trying out local Greek cuisine. Walking down past the ferry dock brought on waves of emotion and heartache, being surrounded by an air of displacement and energy of people wandering lost.

    Spotting the camp issued/donated orange backpacks dotted around and busses packed full of refugees being brought over for their next long journey out to Athens by sea nearly brought me to tears, and had my stomach in knots. The reality and hugeness of the situation finally settling in. I got a very brief glimpse into this world I’m about to throw myself into – head first. It feels right to be here. Expansive and heart opening. But at the same time I am aware of emotional sensitivity building up in me, a strong push to be here for as long as I can, to do as much as is needed for these people.

    I am house sharing a sweet little apartment with colourful walls and orange trees outside the window for a few nights with two other volunteers that I shared the ferry journey with. Once I have spent a few days talking with others and clarifying which part of the island I plan to root myself in I will look for more long term accommodation.

    Mytilene harbour, Lesvos

    A Terrible Crisis on a Beautiful Island

    The city of Mytilene is absolutely stunning. Breathtaking vistas across the semi-circled harbour, hills of pine hang over the gently sloping hills of picturesque housing with sailboats bobbing in front. Thanks to both the economic and refugee crises, tourism in Mytilene will be down as much as 80%-90% this summer, which is absolutely devastating for local business owners.

    It is still a wonderful destination with so much beauty to see, and Greek culture to experience, that a big part of helping the island stabilise and hold all these refugees is by helping to promote tourism on the island, and show people that it really still is a wonderful place to visit. The weather was beautiful in Athens, and remained clear in Mytilene other than a brief period of showers and claps of thunder.

    No refugee boats arrived yesterday due to such dangerous conditions out on the sea brought by storms, this means that more and more refugees will be collecting over at the Turkish coast and we will be expecting a massive influx to arrive over the next few days. Life is about to get interesting I am sure.

    So for now I have an evening to relax into the calm before the storm, everything will begin tomorrow…

  • Mongolia in the early spring, Life in a Ger Camp

    Ever since I can remember I’ve found myself enamoured with far-off lands. Jungle explorations, desert treks through the Sahara, far away Nepalese mountain ranges and small Himalayan villages. So it comes as no real surprise when I locked eyes with the possibility of Mongolia, and even less unusual that I found a Ger to sleep in.

    Attracted to the remoteness of it all, a long journey by rail into the heart of one of our world’s most unforgiving landscapes. To cap off the tail end of an emotional overland Journey across Asia, from Malaysia up to Beijing, it made sense to continue on northward, and make our way into the centre of Mongolia.

    Gorkhi Terelj National Park

    We arrived into the steppe in the morning from Ulan Bataar, the capital city of Mongolia and home to almost half of Mongolia’s total population. This was a trip into Gorkhi Terelj, A National park that despite its proximity to the city, still feels a million miles away. Mongolia is a land unknown to many, and even in the modern day, around 30% of the population is still nomadic, or semi-nomadic.

    These lands have passed hands many a time, the area of what we now call Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires such as Xiongnu, Turkic Khaganate, Rouran, and the Xianbei.

    On our arrival, ravens were perched about the place, as shiny as an oil slick. The air smells of coal fires and a sub-arctic wind whipped through the vast, dusty plains. A glacial valley slopes down the hill with a cluster of bare birch, mostly hacked down for firewood.

    Mongolian landscape spring

    Enormous, Vast Landscapes dotted with Gers

    Shaggy cows and yaks nibbled upon whatever sprouts they could find, and occasionally, a solitary purple flower burst from the most unexpected of places. The land was unimaginably vast, I’ve never felt so remote.

    Towering rock formations gaped at the edges, and small slushes of snow still decorated parts of the hillside. This was the very beginning of spring, and the day our ger camp was due to switch on it’s running water wasn’t until tomorrow. Winters are brutal in the Mongolian steppes, and the luxuries of plumbing are not practical whilst it is so cold.

    The land around us was lumpy and laden with marmot holes, and the lolopping silhouettes of the creatures bounding across the hillside provided an unexpected novelty. Small, round Gers dotted the landscapes, reigned in by the bordering fences that designated each small camp.

    Lands Beyond the Gobi, Life in Gers

    If you are not already familiar with Mongolian vernacular, and let’s face it, who is? Then you might have heard of the Gobi desert, of the Mongolian steps, of frozen tundras. All vasty far away and hostile destinations. But the name ‘Gobi’ is actually a Mongol term for a desert steppe of a very particular kind. One with enough vegetation to support the life of a camel, yet not enough for that of a Marmot.

    Judging by the prolific existence of marmots, I expect we were beyond the Gobi and now into something more life-sustaining. Not that you’d know by looking around at this vast and inhospitable landscape.

    A Changing Way of Life

    Mongolia is the worlds most sparsely populated country after Greenland. Up until recently, a majority of the inhabitants lived nomadic lives, existing off their herds who live off the land. Following them around the country in tune with the seasons. Yet, the country is now in a period of rapid urbanization. More and more people are seeking out a permanent base in the capital city in the name of education and professional careers.

    This exodus into the unfolding comparative metropolis of Ulan Bataar is leaving those back in the countryside with fewer people to do the work required of them, making things more difficult for the hundreds of thousands of Mongolians choosing to preserve the nomadic way of life, one that spans back at least a millennium.

    Mongolians share a close relationship with the land and the creatures that inhabit it. Depending on the region, all manners of farming, hunting, and hoarding can be found. Here in the steppes of central Mongolia, the nomads raise horses, yaks, sheep, goats, and camels. If you traverse far toward the northwestern border of Mongolia and Siberia, you will find the Tsaatan people who raise reindeers. Further afield, thousands of kilometres in the far western Bayan-Ölgii Province, the Kazakh community of eagle hunters live.

    Life inside a Ger

    Inside our Ger is spacious and colourful, the walls decorated with blue, satin fabric and painted orange supporting beams. The many small poles that lead up to the highest point are hand-painted with bright, traditional patterns. The centre-piece of our living space is a small coal stove with a chimney reaching out beyond our ceiling.

    Our host would silently enter through the day and night, sometimes with a small, playful boy in tow, and top up our fire with more wood and coal. This was protection from the springtime air which hovered around -8C throughout the night.

    The walls of our sanctuary are flanked with 3, large, single beds made up with soft blankets and pillows filled like beanbags. A table sat between the beds and the fire, above knee-height with three tiny stools, one painted orange to match the beams. Over the days, we would come to appreciate those quiet, cool moments before the fire was once again re-stocked with blazing hot coals, bringing our small space back up to roasting temperatures.

    Mongolian Buffalo

    Living a Nomadic Life in Mongolia

    These Ger’s are designed to be moved frequently. Four times a year is normal in most parts of Mongolia, although only twice in this park. Traditionally the Ger’s are packed down and shifted by horses, cows or camels. Nowadays, with cars – regardless, a home can be re-assembled in just one hour – the sheer act leaves my mind boggling.

    Gers resemble quarantine huts, bizarre alien formations dotted across an already alien landscape. The food choices were limited but freshly prepared and delicious. The main restaurant was closed, as were the shower blocks. Although this camp often caters to tour groups, we were the only guests so they would make up a table for us in the kitchen next to the warm, wood-fire stove. In this manner, we felt a more a part of the local landscape than part of a group. The season was still far too early, and cold, to welcome the larger groups of visitors.

    Adventures in Mongolian Cuisine

    Traditional Mongolian food is mostly meat based. Wherever you go, you’ll find meat-filled Buuz and delicious Khuushuur, a deep-fried meat pie, along with soupy noodles,. One particularly savoured delicacy is whole marmots roasted from the inside-out with hot stones. And let’s not forget Airag, the traditional drink made of fermented mares milk. I grew up in a land of British influenced foods. A cuisine mostly devoid of strong flavours, and without the organs of animals or anything too unusual. It wasn’t until I stepped out into the world, wanting to sample it all, that I realized I can struggle when it comes to the world of wild foods.

    Each meal, a table would be set with napkins, a large flask of hot water, and facilities for tea and coffee. The food we ordered was always beef (or, perhaps yak). Tough but tasty and cooked into our choice of goulash or casserole. It would be served with two scoops of sticky rice and a small bowl of shredded carrots and beetroots in a creamy dressing. For breakfast, plates of sliced salami, cucumber, quartered fresh tomatoes and a fried egg, with a basket of bread on the side.

    Our meals were far more Westernized than what true nomadic families live off during the wintertime. The cuisine is rooted in nomadic history, with a heavy focus on meat and dairy. They frequently leave out vegetables due to their difficulty to grow and preserve in such an unforgiving climate. I suspect we were particularly fortunate to be served up a side of salad, and fresh wedges of tomato with our meals.

    dinner at the ger camp

    Return to Ulan Bataar

    The days passed by at a crawl, between our roasting hot get and the biting cold outside. Each day we would go for a few short walks, bundled up in all our layers. Our schedule revolved around mealtimes. As a visitor, I had the luxury of chewing through a new novel each day. Although, I’m certain for those who live here the daylight hours are precious and there is little time for leisure.

    By the time I finished my fourth book, departure day was upon us. A young, English speaking host arrived as if from nowhere in a modern SUV to pick us up and drive us back to the city.

    As we pulled out back toward the real world, people began to appear once again. Weary travelling animal keepers displayed giant eagles and camels on the side of the road. The frozen river began to thaw as it snaked through tiny villages of gers. After some more time driving, the few colourful buildings gave way to a McDonalds. The landscape returned to Soviet-style office blocks, a train station, and an abandoned fairground. It quickly became evident that we were back in Ulaanbaatar.

  • Khuushuur in Mongolia (Making Mongolian Dumplings)

    I first discovered Khuushuur in a typical Ulanbataar restaurant. I sat and devoured while the snow fell outside and the rest of the world felt like it was tucked off a million miles away. Enough research had warned me of the local cuisine and prepared me to lower my expectations significantly.

    You see, Mongolia is not a country famed for its enticing cuisine. All the inhabited corners of the country are remote and with a climate that swings wildly between inhospitably cold and scorching hot. It makes sense that it’s difficult to grow fresh produce and that most of the diet is focused around the meat of hardy animals.

    Before arriving, I’d spent a long while sitting on a very long train journey thinking about what the food might be upon my arrival. I’d expected something more akin to neighbouring China. Yet Ulaanbaatar appears to take much more influence from nearby Russia, not only in the look and feel, but also the food. Borscht and sour cream complement the mostly stodgy, fried, meaty diet of dumplings and beef noodles.

    All kinds of Dumplings feature predominantly in Mongolian cuisine (thanks to China and Russia right on the doorstep) and everywhere I ate offered some variation on a dumpling.

    Yet, if you cast your mind away from the more unique of offal and fermented horse milk, Mongolia offers some superb comfort food suitable for even the picky eaters. Being such a frigidly cold country for a large part of the year, means that the food is generally high fat and meat content, often fried or preserved.

    Take, for example, khuushuur. Meaty, lightly spiced filling, wrapped in a golden fried pastry. A fried version of the more famous steamed Buuz dumpling. Sometimes with some potato inside, sometimes with a dollop of sour cream on the side. Each maker has their own special way of pleating and folding them, like a signature. A universally tasty, crispy, and comforting. Perfect for cold winter days. Of all the Mongolian foods I tried, this simple fried dumpling (which reminded me more of a crispy pie) was one of my favourites.

    Making Khuushuur at home

    When I was a child, my mother used to make us pies that although not fried in the same way, reminded me so much of khuushuur that I instantly wanted to make these for myself and have them again and again. As it turns out, it’s not at all difficult to make at home, and I have a recipe you can try yourself.

    Mongolian Khuushuur

    Khuushuur is a large, fried, meat dumpling popular across Mongolia. Wrapped in a golden pastry with a steaming meat inside, it’s a perfect comfort food for those bitterly cold Mongolian winters.

    Filling

    • 500 grams beef (mutton, or potatoes (or a combination) (either minced or finely diced for the meat. Finely diced or mashed for the potato.))
    • 1/2 onion (finely diced)
    • 2 cloves garlic (minced)
    • 1-2 teaspoons salt
    • 1/2 teaspoon black pepper
    • 1/2 teaspoon either dried marjoram or cumin (the choice is yours!)

    Pastry

    • 2.5 cups flour
    • 1/4 teaspoon salt
    • 1 cup water (enough to mix the dough)
    • vegetable oil (enough to fill a frying pan to around 2cm)

    To Serve

    • 1/2 cup sour cream
    • 1 wedge cabbage (Shredded)
    • 1 beetroot (Shredded)

    Making the pastry

    1. Mix together the flour, salt, and enough of the water to create a kneadable dough.
    2. Knead dough until it’s elastic and smooth, then set it aside to rest for 15 mins

    Preparing the filling

    1. In a large bowl, mix together the meat (and/or potato) along with the onion, garlic, salt, pepper, and herbs/spices. If the mix is too dry, add a little water.

    Putting it all together

    1. Once the dough is rested, split the dough into four pieces, then cut each piece in half again. Roll each piece of dough into circles, leaving the edges a little thinner than the middle.
    2. Working quickly to prevent the dough from drying out and becoming difficult to work with, hold the pastry circle in the palm of your hand and spoon a dollop of the filling into one side of the circle, leaving plenty of room around the edges to seal everything together.
    3. Fold the circle in half in your hand, using fingers and palm, so that the edges come together creating a half moon shape. Squeeze out the air and flatten the filling as you work around, pinching the edges closed and tucking them under as you go.
    4. Repeat the process for each khuushuur

    Cooking

    1. Add around 2cm oil in a frying pan and heat until hot.
    2. Fry two to three of the pastries at a time, cooking until they are a golden brown. This usually takes around 2 minutes per side.

    To Serve

    1. Mix together shredded cabbage and beetroot, along with a small dollop of sour cream to create a salad.
    2. Serve the pastries alongside the cabbage and beetroot salad, along with the remainder of the sour cream on the side.

    Khuushuur is a large, fried, meat dumpling popular across Mongolia. Wrapped in a golden pastry with a steaming meat inside, it’s a perfect comfort food for those bitterly cold Mongolian winters.

    Main Course
    Asian, Mongolian
    Mongolian, Pastry

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